(a) and (b) just require to compute the rates of change and then find the average.
(c) and (d) just require looking at the year by year data and pick the block of years for increasing population, and for decreasing population.
The data and the questions have nothing complicated, and nothing tricky. Maybe try to graph the data; but this should not be necessary. The data show a clear increase up to year 2001 and clearly decrease after year 2001.