SOLUTION: Every positive integer can be expressed as a sum of distinct powers of 2. Note that 1 and 2 are powers of 2. How many three-digit numbers are sums of exactly 9 distinct powers of

The smallest possible sum of 10 (1 more than 9) distinct powers of 2 is


We must omit 1 of those powers of 2 to get a sum of exactly 9 distinct ones.
1023 is a 4-digit number.  To get the largest 3-digit number, 999, we must
subtract 24 from 1023, and to get the smallest 3-digit number, 100, we must
subtract 923 from 1023.

So to get a 3-digit number from that sum, we must omit powers of 2 that
are between 24 and 923.  The smallest power of 2 between those is 32, which
is 25 and and the largest power of 2 between those is 512, which is 29. 
So there are 5 powers of 2 that we can omit from the sum of the first
10 powers of 2, to get the sum of 9 powers of 2 that is a 3-digit number.  Answer: 5     
 
Here are all 5 ways to omit a power of 2 from the sum of the smallest 10 powers
of 2 that will give the sum of 9 powers of 2 that will be a 3-digit number: 







Edwin