First we calculate the number of ways all 9 will have different birthdays: So we think of assigning 9 different birth dates from the 365 (ignoring Feb. 29, which won't affect the answer much) to the 9 justices: That'sDivide that by the number of ways they can have any birthdays, which is: We can do that with a calculator by considering it as the product of fractions: That comes out to 0.9053761661 That's the probability that they will all have different birthdays. ----------------------- Next we find the probability that exactly 2 will have the same birthday. We can choose the 2 to have the same birthday in 9C2 = 36 ways. We can choose their common birthday in 365 ways. We can assign different birthdays to each of the other 7 in 364P7 ways. That's ways. So that's Divide that by the number of ways they can have any birthdays, which is: We can do that with a calculator by considering it as the product of fractions: That comes out to be 0.0912984369 That's the probability that exactly 2 of them will have different birthdays. ------------------------------------------------------ Therefore the probability that NO 3 will have the same birthday is the sum of those probabilities: 0.9053761661 + 0.0912984369 = 0.9966746030 ----------------------------------------- To find the final answer, we subtract that from 1 0.003325397 Rounding to the nearest ten thousandth: 0.0033. Edwin