document.write( "Question 868206: How do I find the exact value of \"y+=+cos%284pi%2F5%29\" ? \n" ); document.write( "
Algebra.Com's Answer #523699 by Edwin McCravy(20059)\"\" \"About 
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document.write( "\"y+=+cos%284pi%2F5%29\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "\"cos%285%2A%284pi%2F5%29%29=cos%284pi%29+=+1\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "Let A = \"4pi%2F5\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "\"cos%285A%29+=+1\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "Then \"4pi%2F5\" must be one of the solutions to:\r\n" );
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document.write( "\"cos%284A%2BA%29=1\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "Use identity \"cos%28alpha%2Bbeta%29=cos%5E2%28alpha%29-sin%5E2%28beta%29\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "\"cos%284A%29cos%28A%29-sin%284A%29sin%28A%29=1\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "Use identity \"cos%282theta%29=2cos%5E2%28theta%29-1\" on \"cos%284A%29\"\r\n" );
document.write( "Use identity \"sin%282theta%29=2sin%28theta%29cos%28theta%29\" on \"sin%284A%29\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "\"%282cos%5E2%282A%29-1%29cos%28A%29-2sin%282A%29cos%282A%29sin%28A%29=1\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "Use identity \"cos%282theta%29=2cos%5E2%28theta%29-1\" on \"cos%282A%29\"\r\n" );
document.write( "Use identity \"sin%282theta%29=2sin%28theta%29cos%28theta%29\" on \"sin%282A%29\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "Simplify:\r\n" );
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document.write( "Factor sin²(A) out of the last two terms on the left:\r\n" );
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document.write( "Use the identity \"sin%5E2%28theta%29=1-cos%5E2%28theta%29\" on sin²(A)\r\n" );
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document.write( "FOIL out the last term on the left:\r\n" );
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document.write( "\"16cos%5E5%28A%29-20cos%5E3%28A%29%2B5cos%28A%29=1\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "Let cos(A)=x\r\n" );
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document.write( "\"16x%5E5-20x%5E3%2B5x=1\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "\"16x%5E5-20x%5E3%2B5x-1=0\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "Try a root of 1\r\n" );
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document.write( "1 | 16   0  -20   0   5  -1\r\n" );
document.write( "  |     16   16  -4  -4   1\r\n" );
document.write( "    16  16   -4  -4   1   0\r\n" );
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document.write( "So it factors as\r\n" );
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document.write( "\"%28x-1%29%2816x%5E4%2B16x%5E3-4x%5E2-4x%2B1%29=0\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "We try factoring \"16x%5E4%2B16x%5E3-4x%5E2-4x%2B1\" as\r\n" );
document.write( "the product of two quadratics.  In fact we might\r\n" );
document.write( "expect that it is the square of a quadratic because\r\n" );
document.write( "the leading term \"16x%5E4\" is a square and\r\n" );
document.write( "also the constant term 1 is a square.\r\n" );
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document.write( "So we try to see if there is a quadratic (4x²+kx-1)\r\n" );
document.write( "which when squared gives  \"16x%5E4%2B16x%5E3-4x%5E2-4x%2B1\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "\"%284x%5E2%2Bkx-1%29%5E2\"\"%22%22=%22%22\"\"16x%5E4%2B16x%5E3-4x%5E2-4x%2B1\" \r\n" );
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document.write( "\"16x%5E4%2Bk%5E2x%5E2%2B1%2B8kx%5E3-8x%5E2-2kx\"\"%22%22=%22%22\"\"16x%5E4%2B16x%5E3-4x%5E2-4x%2B1\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "Equating coefficients of x³:\r\n" );
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document.write( "8k = 16\r\n" );
document.write( "  k = 2\r\n" );
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document.write( "Equating coefficients of x²:\r\n" );
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document.write( "k²-8 = -4\r\n" );
document.write( "   k² = 4\r\n" );
document.write( "    k = ±2\r\n" );
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document.write( "So far, k=2 works\r\n" );
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document.write( "Equating  coefficients of x\r\n" );
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document.write( "-2k=-4\r\n" );
document.write( "   k=2\r\n" );
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document.write( "So indeed \r\n" );
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document.write( "\"%28x-1%29%2816x%5E4%2B16x%5E3-4x%5E2-4x%2B1%29=0\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "factors as\r\n" );
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document.write( "\"%28x-1%29%284x%5E2%2B2x-1%29%5E2=0\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "So we have solutions\r\n" );
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document.write( "x-1 = 0    and   \"4x%5E2%2B2x-1=0\"\r\n" );
document.write( "  x = 1          \"x+=+%28-b+%2B-+sqrt%28+b%5E2-4%2Aa%2Ac+%29%29%2F%282%2Aa%29+\" \r\n" );
document.write( "                 \"x+=+%28-%282%29+%2B-+sqrt%28+%282%29%5E2-4%2A%284%29%2A%28-1%29+%29%29%2F%282%2A%284%29%29+\" \r\n" );
document.write( "                 \"x+=+%28-2+%2B-+sqrt%284%2B16%29%29%2F8+\" \r\n" );
document.write( "                 \"x+=+%28-2+%2B-+sqrt%2820%29%29%2F8+\"\r\n" );
document.write( "                 \"x+=+%28-2+%2B-+sqrt%284%2A5%29%29%2F8+\"\r\n" );
document.write( "                 \"x+=+%28-2+%2B-+2sqrt%285%29%29%2F8+\"\r\n" );
document.write( "                 \"x+=+%282%28-1+%2B-+sqrt%285%29%29%29%2F8+\"\r\n" );
document.write( "                 \"x+=+%28-1+%2B-+sqrt%285%29%29%2F4+\"\r\n" );
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document.write( "So the solutions are\r\n" );
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document.write( "\"cos%28A%29=1\",  \"cos%28A%29=+%28-1+%2B+sqrt%285%29%29%2F4+\", \"cos%28A%29=+%28-1+-+sqrt%285%29%29%2F4+\".\r\n" );
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document.write( "Since \"4pi%2F5\" is in Q2, its cosine must be negative.  The\r\n" );
document.write( "only solution which is negative is\r\n" );
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document.write( "\"cos%28A%29=+%28-1+-+sqrt%285%29%29%2F4+\".\r\n" );
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document.write( "thus\r\n" );
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document.write( "\"cos%284pi%2F5%29=+%28-1+-+sqrt%285%29%29%2F4+\".\r\n" );
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document.write( "Edwin
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