document.write( "<A HREF=/cgi-bin/jump-to-question.mpl?question=495039>Question 495039</A>: <I><SPAN STYLE=\"word-break: break-all;\"> In a study of childhood asthma, 4,317 observations were collected on education and smoking<BR>\n" );
document.write( "during pregnancy, shown in the 4 × 3 contingency table below. Research question: At &#945; = .005,<BR>\n" );
document.write( "is smoking during pregnancy independent of education level? (Data are from Michael Weitzman<BR>\n" );
document.write( "and Deborah Klein Walker, “Maternal Smoking and Asthma,” Pediatrics 85, no. 4 [April 1990],<BR>\n" );
document.write( "p. 507.)Education No Smoking <12<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Pack &#8805;12<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Pack Row Total<BR>\n" );
document.write( "<High School 641 196 196 1,033<BR>\n" );
document.write( "High School 1,370 290 270 1,930<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Some College 635 68 53 756<BR>\n" );
document.write( "College 550 30 18 598<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Col Total 3,196 584 537 4,317<BR>\n" );
document.write( " </SPAN>\n" );
document.write( "</I><HR><TABLE width=100%><TR><TD><B><A HREF=http://www.algebra.com/>Algebra.Com's</A> Answer #335954 by </B><A HREF=/tutors/aboutme.mpl?userid=stanbon><B>stanbon(75887)</B></A><img src=\"/images/stars/stars-13.gif\" alt=\"\" >&nbsp;<A HREF=/tutors/aboutme.mpl?userid=stanbon><IMG SRC=http://www.algebra.com/images/aboutme-small.gif BORDER=0 alt=\"About Me\" VALIGN=MIDDLE></A>&nbsp;<IMG SRC=http://www.algebra.com/images/nopicture.jpg><BR>You can <A HREF=\"/cgi-bin/embed-solution.mpl?show=1&solution=335954\">put this solution on YOUR website!</A><BR><SPAN STYLE=\"word-break: break-all;\"> In a study of childhood asthma, 4,317 observations were collected on education and smoking<BR>\n" );
document.write( "during pregnancy, shown in the 4 × 3 contingency table below. Research question: At &#945; = .005,<BR>\n" );
document.write( "is smoking during pregnancy independent of education level? (Data are from Michael Weitzman<BR>\n" );
document.write( "and Deborah Klein Walker, “Maternal Smoking and Asthma,” Pediatrics 85, no. 4 [April 1990],<BR>\n" );
document.write( "p. 507.)Education No Smoking <12<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Pack &#8805;12<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Pack Row Total<BR>\n" );
document.write( "High School 1,370 290 270 1,930<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Some College 635 68 53 756<BR>\n" );
document.write( "College 550 30 18 598<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Col Total 3,196 584 537 4,317\r<BR>\n" );
document.write( "\n" );
document.write( "-----<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Ho: row and column factors are independent<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Ha: row and column factors are not independent<BR>\n" );
document.write( "--------------<BR>\n" );
document.write( "I ran a Ch-Sq program on the 3x3 set of data and got the following:<BR>\n" );
document.write( "test stat: Chi-Sq = 139.78<BR>\n" );
document.write( "p-value: 3.15x10^-23<BR>\n" );
document.write( "---<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Conclusion: Since the p-value is less than 0.5%<BR>\n" );
document.write( "reject Ho.  The test does not support independence<BR>\n" );
document.write( "of the row and column factors.<BR>\n" );
document.write( "================================<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Cheers,<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Stan H.<BR>\n" );
document.write( "============ </SPAN>\n" );
document.write( "</TD></TR></TABLE>\n" );