document.write( "<A HREF=/cgi-bin/jump-to-question.mpl?question=276372>Question 276372</A>: <I><SPAN STYLE=\"word-break: break-all;\"> .  In a British study around 1925, a group of 649 men with lung cancer were surveyed.  A control group of the same size was established from a  set of men who did not have lung cancer.  The groups were matched according to ethnicity, age, and socioeconomic status.  The statistics from the survey follow.\r<BR>\n" );
document.write( "\n" );
document.write( "What type/Lung Cancer Cases/Controls/Totals<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Smokers/647/622/1269<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Non-smokers/2/27/29<BR>\n" );
document.write( " <BR>\n" );
document.write( "a.  What is the proportion of smoking in the group that has lung cancer in the study?<BR>\n" );
document.write( "b.  What is the proportion of smoking in the control group?<BR>\n" );
document.write( "c.  If one person is chosen at random from each of the two groups, what is the probability that each person chosen has cancer?<BR>\n" );
document.write( "d.  Do you think that this data presents a strong association between lung cancer and smoking?  Explain your answer.<BR>\n" );
document.write( "e.  Do you think that this evidence is conclusive that smoking causes lung cancer?\r<BR>\n" );
document.write( "\n" );
document.write( " </SPAN>\n" );
document.write( "</I><HR><TABLE width=100%><TR><TD><B><A HREF=http://www.algebra.com/>Algebra.Com's</A> Answer #201426 by </B><A HREF=/tutors/aboutme.mpl?userid=stanbon><B>stanbon(75887)</B></A><img src=\"/images/stars/stars-13.gif\" alt=\"\" >&nbsp;<A HREF=/tutors/aboutme.mpl?userid=stanbon><IMG SRC=http://www.algebra.com/images/aboutme-small.gif BORDER=0 alt=\"About Me\" VALIGN=MIDDLE></A>&nbsp;<IMG SRC=http://www.algebra.com/images/nopicture.jpg><BR>You can <A HREF=\"/cgi-bin/embed-solution.mpl?show=1&solution=201426\">put this solution on YOUR website!</A><BR><SPAN STYLE=\"word-break: break-all;\"> In a British study around 1925, a group of 649 men with lung cancer were surveyed.  A control group of the same size was established from a  set of men who did not have lung cancer.  The groups were matched according to ethnicity, age, and socioeconomic status.  The statistics from the survey follow.\r<BR>\n" );
document.write( "\n" );
document.write( "What type/Lung Cancer Cases/Controls/Totals<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Smokers:::::::/647:::::::::::/622::::/1269<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Non-smokers::::/2::::::::::::/27:::::/29<BR>\n" );
document.write( " <BR>\n" );
document.write( "a.  What is the proportion of smoking in the group that has lung cancer in the study? (647/649<BR>\n" );
document.write( "---------------------------<BR>\n" );
document.write( "b.  What is the proportion of smoking in the control group? 622/649<BR>\n" );
document.write( "---------------------------<BR>\n" );
document.write( "c.  If one person is chosen at random from each of the two groups, what is the probability that each person chosen has cancer?<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Smoker Group: 647/1269<BR>\n" );
document.write( "non-smok grp:  2/29<BR>\n" );
document.write( "----------------------------<BR>\n" );
document.write( "d.  Do you think that this data presents a strong association between lung cancer and smoking?  Explain your answer.<BR>\n" );
document.write( "===<BR>\n" );
document.write( "e.  Do you think that this evidence is conclusive that smoking causes lung cancer?<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Comment: d and e are discussion questions.  I'll leave them up to you.<BR>\n" );
document.write( "===============================<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Cheers,<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Stan H.\r<BR>\n" );
document.write( "\n" );
document.write( " </SPAN>\n" );
document.write( "</TD></TR></TABLE>\n" );