document.write( "<A HREF=/cgi-bin/jump-to-question.mpl?question=191420>Question 191420</A>This question is from textbook <A HREF=http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9780072966961/algebrahomeworkh></A><BR>\n" );
document.write( ": <I><SPAN STYLE=\"word-break: break-all;\"> 15.18 Sixty-four students in an introductory college economics class were asked how many credits they<BR>\n" );
document.write( "had earned in college, and how certain they were about their choice of major. Research question:<BR>\n" );
document.write( "At &#945; = .01, is the degree of certainty independent of credits earned? Certainty<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Credits Earned Very Uncertain Somewhat Certain Very Certain Row Total<BR>\n" );
document.write( "0–9         12 8 3 23<BR>\n" );
document.write( "10–59       8 4 10 22<BR>\n" );
document.write( "60 or more  1 7 11 19<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Col Total   21 19 24 64<BR>\n" );
document.write( " </SPAN>\n" );
document.write( "</I><HR><TABLE width=100%><TR><TD><B><A HREF=http://www.algebra.com/>Algebra.Com's</A> Answer #143666 by </B><A HREF=/tutors/aboutme.mpl?userid=stanbon><B>stanbon(75887)</B></A><img src=\"/images/stars/stars-13.gif\" alt=\"\" >&nbsp;<A HREF=/tutors/aboutme.mpl?userid=stanbon><IMG SRC=http://www.algebra.com/images/aboutme-small.gif BORDER=0 alt=\"About Me\" VALIGN=MIDDLE></A>&nbsp;<IMG SRC=http://www.algebra.com/images/nopicture.jpg><BR>You can <A HREF=\"/cgi-bin/embed-solution.mpl?show=1&solution=143666\">put this solution on YOUR website!</A><BR><SPAN STYLE=\"word-break: break-all;\"> Sixty-four students in an introductory college economics class were asked how many credits they<BR>\n" );
document.write( "had earned in college, and how certain they were about their choice of major. Research question:<BR>\n" );
document.write( "At &#945; = .01, is the degree of certainty independent of credits earned? Certainty<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Credits Earned Very Uncertain Somewhat Certain Very Certain Row Total<BR>\n" );
document.write( "0–9 12 8 3 23<BR>\n" );
document.write( "10–59 8 4 10 22<BR>\n" );
document.write( "60 or more 1 7 11 19<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Col Total 21 19 24 64<BR>\n" );
document.write( "----------------------------<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Ho: The row and column factors are independent<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Ha: They are dependent<BR>\n" );
document.write( "-----<BR>\n" );
document.write( "I ran a Chi-Sq test on the 3 by 3 set of data and got the following:<BR>\n" );
document.write( "test statistic: Chi-Sq = 14.76...<BR>\n" );
document.write( "p-value: 0.00522<BR>\n" );
document.write( "------------------------<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Conclusion: Since the p-value is less than 1%, reject Ho.<BR>\n" );
document.write( "These test results do not support the conclusion that credits<BR>\n" );
document.write( "earned and degree of certainty are independent.<BR>\n" );
document.write( "=========================================================<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Cheers,<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Stan H.<BR>\n" );
document.write( "PS: Using a calculator or software to run the Chi-Sq greatly<BR>\n" );
document.write( "reduces the work on a problem of this kind.  But you may still<BR>\n" );
document.write( "have questions about this process.  Do you? <BR>\n" );
document.write( " <BR>\n" );
document.write( " </SPAN>\n" );
document.write( "</TD></TR></TABLE>\n" );