document.write( "<A HREF=/cgi-bin/jump-to-question.mpl?question=188239>Question 188239</A>: <I><SPAN STYLE=\"word-break: break-all;\"> This one has stumped me, can anyone help?<BR>\n" );
document.write( "High levels of cockpit noise in an aircraft can damage the hearing of pilots who are exposed to this hazard for many hours. A Boeing 727 co-pilot collected 61 noise observations using a handheld sound meter. Noise level is defined as “Low” (under 88 decibels), “Medium” (88 to 91 decibels), or “High” (92 decibels or more). There are three flight phases (Climb, Cruise, Descent). Research question: At α = .05, is the cockpit noise level independent of flight phase? (Data are from Capt. Robert E. Hartl, retired.) Noise<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Noise Level Climb Cruise Descent Row Total<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Low<BR>\n" );
document.write( "6<BR>\n" );
document.write( "2<BR>\n" );
document.write( "6<BR>\n" );
document.write( "14<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Medium<BR>\n" );
document.write( "18<BR>\n" );
document.write( "3<BR>\n" );
document.write( "8<BR>\n" );
document.write( "29<BR>\n" );
document.write( "High<BR>\n" );
document.write( "1<BR>\n" );
document.write( "3<BR>\n" );
document.write( "14<BR>\n" );
document.write( "18<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Col Total<BR>\n" );
document.write( "25<BR>\n" );
document.write( "8<BR>\n" );
document.write( "28<BR>\n" );
document.write( "61 </SPAN>\n" );
document.write( "</I><HR><TABLE width=100%><TR><TD><B><A HREF=http://www.algebra.com/>Algebra.Com's</A> Answer #141104 by </B><A HREF=/tutors/aboutme.mpl?userid=stanbon><B>stanbon(75887)</B></A><img src=\"/images/stars/stars-13.gif\" alt=\"\" >&nbsp;<A HREF=/tutors/aboutme.mpl?userid=stanbon><IMG SRC=http://www.algebra.com/images/aboutme-small.gif BORDER=0 alt=\"About Me\" VALIGN=MIDDLE></A>&nbsp;<IMG SRC=http://www.algebra.com/images/nopicture.jpg><BR>You can <A HREF=\"/cgi-bin/embed-solution.mpl?show=1&solution=141104\">put this solution on YOUR website!</A><BR><SPAN STYLE=\"word-break: break-all;\"> High levels of cockpit noise in an aircraft can damage the hearing of pilots who are exposed to this hazard for many hours. A Boeing 727 co-pilot collected 61 noise observations using a handheld sound meter. Noise level is defined as “Low” (under 88 decibels), “Medium” (88 to 91 decibels), or “High” (92 decibels or more). There are three flight phases (Climb, Cruise, Descent). Research question: At α = .05, is the cockpit noise level independent of flight phase? (Data are from Capt. Robert E. Hartl, retired.) Noise<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Noise Level Climb Cruise Descent Row Total<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Low<BR>\n" );
document.write( "6<BR>\n" );
document.write( "2<BR>\n" );
document.write( "6<BR>\n" );
document.write( "14<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Medium<BR>\n" );
document.write( "18<BR>\n" );
document.write( "3<BR>\n" );
document.write( "8<BR>\n" );
document.write( "29<BR>\n" );
document.write( "High<BR>\n" );
document.write( "1<BR>\n" );
document.write( "3<BR>\n" );
document.write( "14<BR>\n" );
document.write( "18<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Col Total<BR>\n" );
document.write( "25<BR>\n" );
document.write( "8<BR>\n" );
document.write( "28<BR>\n" );
document.write( "61<BR>\n" );
document.write( "---------------<BR>\n" );
document.write( "NOTE: It would be much easier to handle this if you posted the data<BR>\n" );
document.write( "in a 4 by 4 rectangular format.<BR>\n" );
document.write( "------------------------------------------<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Ho: Row and column factors are independent<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Ha: Row and column factors are dependent<BR>\n" );
document.write( "----------<BR>\n" );
document.write( "I ran a Chi-Sq Test on the 3 x 3 set of data and go the following:<BR>\n" );
document.write( "--<BR>\n" );
document.write( "test statistic: Chi-Sq = 15.1601<BR>\n" );
document.write( "p-value: 0.0044<BR>\n" );
document.write( "df = (3-1)(3-1)= 4<BR>\n" );
document.write( "-----------------------------<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Conclusion:<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Since the p-value is less than alpha=5%, reject Ho.<BR>\n" );
document.write( "The noise is dependent on the cruise configuration.<BR>\n" );
document.write( "========================================================<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Cheers,<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Stan H. </SPAN>\n" );
document.write( "</TD></TR></TABLE>\n" );