document.write( "<A HREF=/cgi-bin/jump-to-question.mpl?question=183154>Question 183154</A>: <I><SPAN STYLE=\"word-break: break-all;\"> Hi,\r<BR>\n" );
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document.write( "Can you please help me solve for this, Doane&#8722;Seward: Applied Statistics in Business and Economics, ch. 15:\r<BR>\n" );
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document.write( "High levels of cockpit noise in an aircraft can damage the hearing of pilots who are exposed to this hazard for many hours. A Boeing 727 co-pilot collected 61 noise observations using a handheld sound meter. Noise level is defined as “Low” (under 88 decibels), “Medium” (88 to 91 decibels), or “High” (92 decibels or more). There are three flight phases (Climb, Cruise, Descent). Research question: At &#945; = .05, is the cockpit noise level independent of flight phase? (Data are from Capt. Robert E. Hartl, retired.)\r<BR>\n" );
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document.write( "Noise Level 	    Climb 	Cruise 	Descent 	Row Total<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Low		     6 		2 		6 		14<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Medium 	   18 		3 		8 		29<BR>\n" );
document.write( "High 		     1 		3 	         14 		18<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Col Total 	   25 		8 	         28 		 61\r<BR>\n" );
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document.write( "(This format is cramming the numbers together to make it easier to read - Noise Level: Low, Climb: 6, Cruise: 2, Descent: 6, Row Total: 14.)\r<BR>\n" );
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document.write( "Thank you </SPAN>\n" );
document.write( "</I><HR><TABLE width=100%><TR><TD><B><A HREF=http://www.algebra.com/>Algebra.Com's</A> Answer #137563 by </B><A HREF=/tutors/aboutme.mpl?userid=stanbon><B>stanbon(75887)</B></A><img src=\"/images/stars/stars-13.gif\" alt=\"\" >&nbsp;<A HREF=/tutors/aboutme.mpl?userid=stanbon><IMG SRC=http://www.algebra.com/images/aboutme-small.gif BORDER=0 alt=\"About Me\" VALIGN=MIDDLE></A>&nbsp;<IMG SRC=http://www.algebra.com/images/nopicture.jpg><BR>You can <A HREF=\"/cgi-bin/embed-solution.mpl?show=1&solution=137563\">put this solution on YOUR website!</A><BR><SPAN STYLE=\"word-break: break-all;\"> High levels of cockpit noise in an aircraft can damage the hearing of pilots who are exposed to this hazard for many hours. A Boeing 727 co-pilot collected 61 noise observations using a handheld sound meter. Noise level is defined as “Low” (under 88 decibels), “Medium” (88 to 91 decibels), or “High” (92 decibels or more). There are three flight phases (Climb, Cruise, Descent). Research question: At &#945; = .05, is the cockpit noise level independent of flight phase <BR>\n" );
document.write( "Noise level climb cruise descent row total<BR>\n" );
document.write( "low 6 2 6 14<BR>\n" );
document.write( "medium 18 3 8 29<BR>\n" );
document.write( "high 1 3 14 18<BR>\n" );
document.write( "col total 25 8 28 61<BR>\n" );
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document.write( "Ho: row and column factors are independent<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Ha: they are dependent<BR>\n" );
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document.write( "I ran a Chi-Sq. Test on the 3 by 3 array of data.<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Test Statistic: Chi-Sq. = 15.160<BR>\n" );
document.write( "p-value: 0.004<BR>\n" );
document.write( "df: (3-1)(3-1) = 4<BR>\n" );
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document.write( "Conclusion:<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Since p-value is less than 5%, Reject Ho.<BR>\n" );
document.write( "The row and column factors are dependent.<BR>\n" );
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document.write( "Cheers,<BR>\n" );
document.write( "Stan H.  </SPAN>\n" );
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