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Start with the given expression.

Group like terms

Combine like terms
So
So the expression is in standard form

where

and

Start with the given expression.
Now let's FOIL the expression.
Remember, when you FOIL an expression, you follow this procedure:

Multiply the
First terms:

.

Multiply the
Outer terms:

.

Multiply the
Inner terms:

.

Multiply the
Last terms:

.

Now collect every term to make a single expression.

Now combine like terms.
So

FOILS to

.
In other words,

.
So the expression is in standard form

where

and

Start with the given expression

Multiply by the fraction by

. Note

is the conjugate of

.

Combine the fractions

Foil the denominator

Combine like terms

Rewrite

as

Multiply

Add

FOIL the numerator

Rewrite

as

Multiply

Combine like terms.

Break up the fraction

Reduce
So

.
So the expression is in standard form

where

and