Question 714808: How many pounds of 93% sulfuric acid does it take to make 1 gallon 10% sulfuric acid solution
Answer by KMST(5328)   (Show Source):
You can put this solution on YOUR website! 1 gallon is 3785 milliliters (3.785 liters)
I am going to assume the ambient temperature is about 20 degrees Celsius.
The density of 10% sulfuric acid solution at 20 degrees Celsius is 1.066 g/mL.
(My trusted Chemical Engineer's Handbook, by John H. Perry, 4th edition says so).
The gallon of solution will have a mass of
The 10% solution would have 10g pure  in 100 grams of solution, so we need
 of pure
to make that gallon of 10% solution.
The 93% sulfuric acid we start with contains 93g of pure in each 100g, so we need to use
 of that material
There are 454g in one pound, so the amount we need, in pounds is
So it takes 0.956 pounds of 93% sulfuric acid to make 1 gallon of 10% solution.
NOTES: According to my trusted handbook, the 93%, battery acid strength has a density of 1.8279g/mL at 20 degrees Celsius, but that does not matter for the calculations, because 93% always refers to 93 parts per 100 in terms of mass of the pure compound and mass of the chemical material (weight-in-weight concentration).
If the desired solution was a 10% (w/v) solution, meaning a weight-in-volume concentration of 10%, containing 10g of pure in 100mL of solution, it should have been specified as such.
The temperature could have been specified too, but the density of a 10% solution does not change that drastically with temperature. It is 1.0700 at 10 degrees and 1.0617 at 30 degrees Celsius.
The acid should handled in a fume hood, wearing proper personal protection equipment.
For safety, water should not be added to concentrated acid.
The acid should be diluted by slowly adding the concentrated acid to a alrge volume of water, up to about 3600mL
Volume can be adjusted to 1 gallon as needed after the solution cools (The mixture will warm up while diluting).
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