There are 5! or 120 possible numbers. if you were to list them all in a column to add, you'd have 12345 12354 12435 12453 13245 ..... ..... ..... 54213 54231 54312 54321 ------- Among all the 120 units digits, 1/5 or 24 of them are 1's, 1/5 or 24 of them are 2's, ... , 1/5 or 24 of them are 5's 24 of them are 1's, so their sum is 24x1 = 24 24 of them are 2's, so their sum is 24x2 = 48 24 of them are 3's, so their sum is 24X3 = 72 24 of them are 4's, so their sum is 24x4 = 96 24 of them are 5's, so their sum is 24x5 = 120 ---------------------------------------------- total of digits in the units column = 360 So the sum of the digits in the units column is 360. The other four columns also have the same digits as the units digits. So the sum of each column is 360. So the sum is 360*10000 + 360*1000 + 360*100 + 360*10 + 360 360(10000 + 1000 + 100 + 10 + 1) 360(11111) 3999960 Edwin