a Pv~Q Write out the symbols P or not Q Substitute the propositions: (Ricky loves Lucy) or not(Lucy loves Ricky) Put the "not" next to the verb. Ricky loves Lucy or Lucy does not loves Ricky. ----------------------------------------- b ~P^~Q Write out the symbols Not P and not Q Not(Ricky loves Lucy) and not(Lucy loves Ricky) Put the "not"s next to the verbs (we need a helping verb "does") Rick does not love Lucy and Lucy does not love Ricky. ---------------------------------- c ~(P^Q) Not (P and Q) Not (Ricky loves Lucy and Lucy loves Ricky) Replace "not" by "It is false that" It is false that (Ricky loves Lucy and Lucy loves Ricky). Edwin