Write equations as you read the problem bat + ball = 31 (1) bat - ball = 15 (2) Add the equations 2*bat = 31 + 15 = 46 ===> bat = 46/2 = 23. Then from (1), ball = 31 - bat = 31 - 23 = 8. Thus one bat costs $23; one ball costs $8. The rest is on you, since it is easy.