.
The question
"How many of each type pf stamp does Sam have?"
does not make sense in this context. The question which makes sense is
"How many of each type of stamps did Sam sell?"
I will answer the LAST question.
x + y = 24, (1) (counting stamps)
27x + 33y = 684. (2) (counting cents)
From (1), y = 24-x. Substitute it into (2)
27x + 33*(24-x) = 684,'
27x + 33*24 - 33x = 684
-6x = 684 - 33*24 = -108 ====> x = = 18.
Answer. 18 stamps by 27 cents and (24-18) = 6 stamps by 33 cents.
Check. 18*27 + 6*33 = 684. ! Correct !