There are two equations, but they can be collapsed into one (and solved!):

M = Z + 10  

M + Z = 23



(Z+10)+Z = 23   <<< this equation represents the stated problem, with one unknown

2Z = 13         <<< simplified

Z = 13/2 = 6 1/2   <<< solved (it is very unusual for age problems to have fractional answers)



Since Zohar is 6 1/2, Maria must be 16 1/2.



 

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