Neither of those is true for all x. A counter-example for 1 is x = 0.1 x3 = 0.13 = 0.001 But x3 ≥ x becomes 0.13 ≥ 0.1 which is FALSE, since 0.13 = 0.001 < 0.1 A counter-example for 2 is x = -1 |-1 + 3| = |-1| + 3 |2| = 1 + 3 2 = 4 Which is FALSE. Edwin