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Let F denotes the set of those who complain fever (and the number of elements in this set, at the same time).
Let S denotes the set of those who complain stomach ache (and the number of elements in this set, at the same time).
Let I denotes the set of those who complain injuries (and the number of elements in this set, at the same time).
Let FS denotes the intersection of the sets F and S (and the number of elements in this set, at the same time).
Let FI denotes the intersection of the sets F and I (and the number of elements in this set, at the same time).
Let SI denotes the intersection of the sets S and I (and the number of elements in this set, at the same time).
Finally, let FSI be the intersetion of the three sets F, S, and I (and the number of elements in this set, at the same time).
Then the number of those who has exactly 2 complaints is
44 = FS + FI + SI - 3*FSI. (1)
We have also the second equation from the condition
100 = F + S + I - (FS + FI + SI) + FSI. (2)
Now substitute the given values F= 70, S= 50 and I = 30 into equation (2)
100 = 70 + 50 + 30 - (FS + FI + SI) + FSI
and simplify it to get
50 = (FS + FI + SI) - FSI. (3)
Last step is to subtract eq(1) from eq(3). You will get
6 = 2*FSI,
which implies FSI = 6/2 = 3.
Answer. The number of patients who have all the three complaints is 3.
Solved.
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Regarding the formula (2), see the lesson
- Advanced problems on counting elements in sub-sets of a given finite set
in this site.