I'll do the first one, and leave the other one for another tutor. If a line's equation is x = a, it is vertical and goes through (a,0) on the x-axis. If a line's equation is y = b, it is horizontal and goes through (0,b) on the y-axis. If a vertical line passes through (a,b), its equation is x = a, If a horizontal line passes through (a,b), its equation is y = b The given line is in black below. Since the given line's equation is x = -13, it is vertical and goes through (-13,0) on the x-axis.The line you want the equation of is the green line, and since it is horizontal and goes through (-5,-4), its equation is y = -4. Edwin