SOLUTION: My child has been given this question in homework. I am thinking of a 3 digit number When it is divided by 9, the remainder is 3 When it is divided by 2, the remainder is 1 W

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Question 1141460: My child has been given this question in homework.
I am thinking of a 3 digit number
When it is divided by 9, the remainder is 3
When it is divided by 2, the remainder is 1
When it is divided by 5, the remainder is 4
What is my number?

Found 3 solutions by greenestamps, Edwin McCravy, ikleyn:
Answer by greenestamps(13203)   (Show Source): You can put this solution on YOUR website!


(1) divided by 5 leaves remainder 4 --> last digit is either 4 or 9

(2) divided by 2 leaves remainder 1 --> last digit is odd

From (1) and (2), the last digit is 9.

That much is fairly basic and can be understood by fairly young children. The last part is more advanced.

A number is divisible by 9 if, and only if, the sum of the digits is a multiple of 9. As a corollary to that, a number will leave a remainder of 3 when divided by 9 if, and only if, the sum of the digits is 3 more than a multiple of 9.

So with last digit 9, the sum of the other two digits has to be 3 more than a multiple of 9 -- i.e., either 3 or 12. Fortunately there are many 3-digit numbers that satisfy these conditions.

Sum of other two digits = 3: 129, 219, 309.
Sum of other two digits = 12: 399, 489, ... 939.

The way the problem is presented, it sounds as if there is supposed to be a single answer. Clearly there are multiple possible answers if the number is 3 digits.

There would only be a single answer if the number were 2 digits. Is it possible that that is what the problem is supposed to be?

Answer by Edwin McCravy(20060)   (Show Source): You can put this solution on YOUR website!
My child has been given this question in homework.
I am thinking of a 3 digit number
When it is divided by 9, the remainder is 3
When it is divided by 2, the remainder is 1
We are asked to find an integer that is all three of these.

1. 3 more than a multiple of 9
2. 1 more than a multiple of 2, which is to say it's odd.
3. 4 more than a multiple of 5.

If we add a multiple of 9, 2 or 5, respectively to a multiple of 9, 2 or 5,
respectively, we'll get another multiple of 9, 2 or 5, respectively.  Any
multiple of all three, 9, 2, and 5 is a multiple of 90.

Therefore if we can find any number that satisfies 1,2, and 3 above, we can add
any multiple of 90 to it and get another solution.  This problem calls for a 3
digit solution, but if we can find a 1 or 2 digit solution, we can add 90 to it
one or more times and get a 3 digit number that will also satisfy 1, 2, and 3.

We look at property 1.  To get an odd number when adding 3, we must begin with
an even number

So we'll list the even multiples of 9, which are 18, 36, 54, 72, 90...

We add 3 to each and get 21, 39, 57, 75, 93 …

We look at property 3, that it is 4 more than a multiple of 5.

Every multiple of 5 ends in 0 or 5.  4 more than a number ending in 0 ends
with 4, which would make it even.  4 more than a number ending in 5 ends
with 9, which would make it odd.  We want an odd number, so it must end
in 9, and the only candidate listed above that ends with 9 is 39.  It's true
that 39 satisfies all three properties 1,2, and 3. That's becayuse

39 = 4×9+3 = 2×19+1 = 5×7+4

Trouble is, 39 only has two digits, so it doesn't qualify as a solution, but we
can add 90 to it any number of times we wish, as long as we get a 3-digit
number.  So adding 90 just once to 39 gives the three-digit number 129, and

129 = 4×18+3 = 2×64+1 = 5×25+4

We can keep getting more solutions by adding 90 over and over. There are 10
3-digit solutions to your problem:

129 = 9×14+3 = 2×64+1 = 5×25+4
219 = 9×24+3 = 2×109+1 = 5×43+4
309 = 9×34+3 = 2×154+1 = 5×61+4
399 = 9×44+3 = 2×199+1 = 5×79+4
489 = 9×54+3 = 2×244+1 = 5×97+4
579 = 9×64+3 = 2×289+1 = 5×115+4
669 = 9×74+3 = 2×334+1 = 5×133+4
759 = 9×84+3 = 2×379+1 = 5×151+4
849 = 9×94+3 = 2×424+1 = 5×169+4
939 = 9×104+3 = 2×469+1 = 5×187+4

Edwin

Answer by ikleyn(52814)   (Show Source): You can put this solution on YOUR website!
.
Let N be that unknown number.


Consider the number (N+1).


Then from the condition, (N+1) is divisible by 2; is divisible by 5; and gives the remainder of 4 when is divided by 9.


So, we should find (N+1) as the number multiple of 10, which gives the remainder of 4 when is divided by 9.


Try 10, 20, 30, 40,  and you quickly will find that  N+1 = 40 satisfies these condition.


So, N = 40-1 = 39.      ANSWER

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To get more training in solving such problems, see the lessons
    - The number that leaves a remainder 1 when divided by 2, by 3, by 4, by 5 and so on until 9
in this site.




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