(x-1)(x-2)(x-3). Use FOIL on the last two parenthetical expressions, leave the first alone: (x-1)(x²-3x-2x+6) Combine -3x and -2x as -5x (x-1)(x²-5x+6) Multiply every term in (x-1) by every term in (x²-5x+6) x³-5x²+6x-x²+5x-6 Combine -5x² and -x² as -6x² Combine +6x and +5x as +11x x³-6x²+11x-6 -------------------- The sum of the roots of a polynomial is The coefficient of the term whose exponent of x is exactly 1 less than the largest exponent of x in the entire polynomial, with the opposite sign. x³+2x²-11x-12 The largest exponent of x is 3, found in the term x³. So the term whose exponent of x is 1 less than 3, is the term +2x². Its coefficient is +2, so we change its sign, and the sum of the roots of the polynomial is -2. Edwin