The base and the argument are both known powers of some third number.
In the first case the answer is whatever that power is. For example since . For the other two cases, use the change of base formula. In case 2 change the base to whatever the argument is and in case 3 change the base to whatever the "third number" is.
For other logarithms, you will need a calculator and you will use the change of base formula to change the base to base 10 or base e (ln) logarithms.
If you are extremely clever you might be able to figure out what power of 32 is 8 (case 1). If not, then if you are somewhat clever you might be able to figure out what power of 8 is 32 (case 2). With a little effort you should be able to figure out that 32 and 8 are both powers of 2 (case 3). So we can evaluate this logarithm by using the change of base formula, , to change the base to 2:
The two base 2 logs are case 1 logs. Since and these logs are 5 and 3, respectively. Now we have: