I think this explanation might be a little better: Once you understand whatactually means, you will find this trivial. is defined as the answer to the question "To what power (exponent) must B be raised to give A?" Examples is defined as the answer to the question "To what power (exponent) must 5 be raised to give 25?" The answer to that is 2, because if 5 is raised to the power of 2, that will 25. So we write ----- is defined as the answer to the question "To what power (exponent) must 3 be raised to give 81?" The answer to that is 4, because if 3 is raised to the power of 4, that will 81. So we write ------------------------------------ Now your problem: is defined as the answer to the question "To what exponent must 4 be raised to give 4-.38?" The answer to that is -.38, because if 4 is raised to the power of -.38, that will give 4-.38" So we write ---------------- In general, we write because the power to which B must be raised to give BC is obviously C. Edwin