Group the first two and the last two (taking out a - in the last two changes the - signs inside the parentheses to + : Use the principle that the SUM of two logs of numbers is the log of their PRODUCT: Use the principle that the DIFFERENCE of two logs of numbers is the log of their QUOTIENT: The 2 on the bottom cancels into the 4 on the top and gives 2 on top. The 5 on the bottom cancels into the 25 on the top and gives 5 on top. The log of 10 in base 10 is 1. Therefore it is proved. Edwin