All you have to know in all problem like this are these 5 facts: 1. i2 = -1 2. (-1)even = 1 3. (-1)odd = -1 4. AB×C = (AB)C 5. AB+C = ABAC i14 = i2×7 = (i2)7 = (-1)7 = -1 Some other examples: i682 = i2×341 = (i2)341 = (-1)341 = -1 i796 = i2×398 = (i2)398 = (-1)398 = 1 For odd powers of i, first write the exponent as an even number + 1: i47 = i46+1 = i46i1 = i2×23i = (i2)23i = (-1)23i = -1i = -i i109 = i108+1 = i108i1 = i2×54i = (i2)54i = (-1)54i = 1i = i Edwin