pen = pencil + 30, (1) 5 pens + 2 pencil = 430 (cents) ==========> 5*(pencil+30) + 2 pencil = 430, 5*pencil + 150 + 2 pencil = 430, 7 pencil = 430 - 150, 7 pencil = 280 ====> pencil == 40 cents. Answer. Pencil costs 40 cents. Pen costs 40 + 30 = 70 cents.