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Let x be the common length of the square and the rhombus.
Use the formula for the rhombus area
Rhombus area = = ,
where is the angle between (any) two adjacent sides of the rhombus.
Comparing with the formula for the square area, you can conclude that = ;
hence, the angle is either 30° or 150°, which geometrically represent the same rhombus.
Then the longer diagonal of the rhombus is ( the law of cosine with cos(150°) = )
= = = .
The shorter diagonal is ( the law of cosine with cos(30°) = )
= = = .
Thus the ratio of the longer diagonal length to the shorter diagonal length is .
You can rationalize this fraction further
= . = = = = 3.732 (approximately).
Solved.
Nice solution to a nice problem.