Look at -a first. Add a: -a + a = 0 (by the definition of the additive inverse) Look at -1(a) next. Add a: -1(a) + a Factor: = a(-1 + 1) Simplify: = a(0) = 0 This has shown -1(a) + a = -a + a, thus -1(a) = -a and the proof is complete.