Your booklet teaches you to replace cot(x) bySo that means to replace cot²(x) by Try that. AMP Parsing Error of [sin(x)+sin(x)cot^2x=csc(x)]: Invalid function '\x=csc(x)': opening bracket expected at /home/ichudov/project_locations/algebra.com/templates/Algebra/Expression.pm line 70. . Get a common denominator of sin(x): Edwin