y = a·sin[b(x+c)] + d or y = a·cos[b(x+c)] + d amplitude = |a| period =horizontal shift = |c| right if c negative, left if c positive vertical shift = |d| up if d positive, down if d negative --------------------------------------------------- y = 5·cos(5t+13) − 4 y = 5·cos[5(t+ )] - 5 a=5, b=5, c= , d = -5 amplitude = |5| = 5 period = horizontal shift = |13/5| = 13/5 left since c positive vertical shift = |-5| = 5 down since d negative Edwin