You will need to know This quotient identity: #1.and these reciprocal identities #2. #3. We will work ONLY with the right side: sec(x) = tan(x)csc(x) Use identity #1 to substitute for tan(x). Use identity #2 to substitute for csc(x). sec(x) = Cancel the sin(x)'s sec(x) = That is equivalent to: sec(x) = Now use identity #3 to substitute sec(x) for sec(x) = sec(x) Edwin