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Why isn't 8p+7q=42 a system of linear equations?
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It IS a system of linear equation, consisting of one linear equation.
Usually the system of linear equations in two unknowns consists of two linear equations.
But it can consists of one and even three (or even more) linear equations.
There is no restriction on a number of equations for a system of linear equations in two unknowns.
It CAN consists of one equation.
It is true, that in this case it has special properties.
For example, it has an infinite number of solutions.
Geometrically, such an equation represents one straight line.