When a square root is involved factor whatever is inside the square root sign to prime numbers. Any prime number repeated twice, factor out (once). If it repeats twice it is a perfect square.
for example. Factor to 2*8. 8 can be further factored to 2*4, so now we have 2*2*4. 4 can be factored to 2*2 so now we have 2*2*2*2.
Since there are two pairs of 2's pull two 2's out of the square root: 2*2* 
= 4.
cannot be factored because 3 is already a prime number.
| 8 factors to 2*2*2. Pull out two of the 2's, so one remains inside the square root:
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