The example is a typical one-of-these exercises:
r, 40 miles per hour, slow car
R, 55 miles per hour, fast car
h, 0.5 hour
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Time quantities come from time points in the description and would need to be readjusted to finish the solution.
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d, unknown distance upon catchup
t, time for fast car to catchup to slow car
SPEEDS TIME DISTANCE
EARLY SLOW r t+h d
LATE FAST R t d
Constant Travel Rates Rule, if travel rate is K, time is T, distance is D, .
Solve the system for t, and if desired, for d.