SOLUTION: I need to find the center,vertices, and foci of the ellipse {{{4x^2+25y^2-8x+100y+4=0}}}

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Question 115143: I need to find the center,vertices, and foci of the ellipse

Answer by Edwin McCravy(20056)   (Show Source): You can put this solution on YOUR website!
I need to find the center,vertices, and foci of the ellipse


You first have to put it in standard form, which is either

            (x - h)²      (y - k)²    
           ----------  + ---------- = 1 
               a²            b²

if it turns out that the larger number is under
the term on the left which contains x, and the 
graph will be an ellipse with a horizontal major
axis and a vertical minor axis, where

1. The center is (h, k) 
2. The length of the semi-major axis is " a ".
3. The ends of the major axis are the points (h-a,k) and (h+a,k)
4. The ends of the minor axis are the points (h,k-b) and (h,k+b)
5. Foci are (h-c,k), (h+c,k) where c is calculated from c² = a²-b²  

or

            (x - h)²      (y - k)²    
           ----------  + ---------- = 1 
               b²            a²

if it turns out that the larger number is under
the term on the left which contains y, and the 
graph will be an ellipse with a horizontal major
axis and a vertical minor axis, where and the 
graph will be an ellipse with a vertical major 
axis and a horizontal minor axis

where

1. The center is (h, k) 
2. The length of the semi-major axis is " a ".
3. The ends of the major axis are the points (h,k-a) and (h,k+a)
4. The ends of the minor axis are the points (h-b,k) and (h+b,k)
5. Foci are (h,k-a), (h,k+a) where c is calculated from c² = a²-b²  

We can't tell which it is unti we get it into standard form:

4x² + 25y² - 8x + 100y + 4 = 0

Rearrange getting x² term then the x term then y²and y terms
That is, swap the second and third terms:

4x² - 8x + 25y² + 100y + 4 = 0

Subtract 4 from both sides:

    4x² - 8x + 25y² + 100y = -4

Factor just the 4 out of the first two terms
on the left and also factor just the 25 out of 
the last two terms on the left: 

  4(x² - 2x) + 25(y² + 4y) = -4

Complete the square in the first parentheses:

The coefficient of x is -2
Multiply it by , getting -1
Square -1, getting +1.
Add +1 inside the first parentheses.
But the parentheses has a 4 in front.
So this amounts to adding 4·1 or 4 to
the left side, so we must add +4 to
the right side:

  4(x² - 2x + 1) + 25(y² + 4y) = -4 + 4

Complete the square in the second parentheses:
The coefficient of y is 4
Multiply it by , getting 2
Square -2, getting +4.
Add +4 inside the first parentheses.
But the parentheses has a 25 in front.
So this amounts to adding 25·4 or 100 to
the left side, so we must add +100 to
the right side:

  4(x² - 2x + 1) + 25(y² + 4y + 4) = -4 + 4 + 100

Factor both parentheses on the left and combine the 
numbers on the right

  4(x - 1)(x - 1) + 25(y + 2)(y + 2) = 100

              4(x - 1)² + 25(y + 2)² = 100

To get a 1 on the right side, divide every term
by 100
    
            4(x - 1)²   25(y + 2)²    100
           ---------  + ---------- = -----
               100         100        100

Cancel             
            1           1              1  
            4(x - 1)²   25(y + 2)²    100
           ---------  + ---------- = -----
               100         100        100
               25           4          1  
 

            (x - 1)²      (y + 2)²    
           ----------  + ---------- = 1 
               25            4        


Since 25 is greater than 4, and since a² is always the
larger or these in an ellipse, then a² is under the
term which contains x, we compare that to:

            (x - h)²      (y - k)²    
           ----------  + ---------- = 1 
               a²            b²

so it is an ellipse with a horizontal major axis and
a vertical minor axis. Comparing letters in this with
the numbers in the equation we got, we see that:

h = 1, k = -2, a² = 25, b² = 4 so a = 5 and b = 2

This means
1. The center is (h, k) = (1, -2)
2. The length of the semi-major axis is a = 5
3. The ends of the major axis (vertices) are the points (h-a,k), (h+a,k)
   or (1-5,-2) and (1+5,-2) or (-4,-2) and (6,-2)
4. The ends of the minor axis are the points (h,k-b), (h,k+b)
   or (1,-2-2), (1,-2+2) or (1,-4) and (1,0)
5. Foci are (h-c,k), (h+c,k) where c is gotten from c² = a²-b²  
   We calculate c:
   c² = a² - b²
   c² = 5² - 2²
   c² = 25 - 4
   c² = 21
   c = Ö21                                 __             __         
   So foci are (h-c,k) and (h+c,k), or (1-Ö21,-2) and (1+Ö21), 
   or about (-3.6,-2) and (5.6,-2)

We draw the major and minor axes and plot the foci:   



Then we sketch in the ellipse:



The answers to your problem are:

center = (1, -2)
vertices = ends of major axis = (-4,-2) and (6,-2)
foci = (1-Ö21,-2) and (1+Ö21,-2), 

Edwin

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