You need to know the two standard forms of ellipses:

 which is the equation
of an ellipse that looks like this: 

and

 which is the equation
of an ellipse that looks like this: 

We can tell them apart because "a" is always a larger 
number than "b".

"a" is the length of the semi-major axis, and "b" is the
length of the semi-minor axis.  The center is (h,k).  The
vertices are the end points of the major axis. They are 
"a" units on each side of the center.  The co-vertices are 
the end points of the minor axis. They are respectively "a" 
and "b" units on each side of the center.

The foci are points on the major axis which are "c" units
on each side of the center, where "c" is calculated by the
formula:  
  
We must get the equation of an ellipse into one of the above
standard forms:







To the side, multiply the coefficient of x,
which is -4, by 1/2, which gives -2.  Then
square -2 getting +4.  Add that inside the
first parentheses and to the right side.



Also to the side, multiply the coefficient of y,
which is -2, by 1/2, which gives -1.  Then
square -1 getting +1.  Add that inside the
first parentheses and to the right side. However
since there is a +4 preceding that parentheses,
adding +1 inside that parentheses is the same as
adding +4 to the left side, so we add +4 to the right
side:



We factor each parentheses and combine terms on the
right:



Since the factorization results in the products of
a binomial times itself, we can write each as the
square of a binomial:



Next we get 1 on the right side by dividing through by 8



We divide top and bottom of the second fraction 
by 4 getting .  So we have:



Since the denominator 8 under the first term is greater 
than the denominator 2 under the second term, we know
that the ellipse looks like this: 

We also know that the center is (2,1).  We know that 
 and , and  and .
Since we know that  is approximately 1.4, we have
this graph with the center and the two vertices:



We only need to find the two foci.  We calculate "c":






The foci are the two points 
 and ,
the red points below:



Edwin