What are you using "U" for ? I will assume you are using U for "implies", "condition", ->, >, ⊃ are the symbols commonly used for that, not U. I will use -> instead. 1. (~F v X) -> (P v T) 2. F -> P 3. ~P / T 4. ~P -> ~F 2, Transposition (sometimes called "contrapositive") 5. ~F 4,3, Modus ponens 6. ~F v X 5, Addition 7. P v T 1,6, Modus ponens 8. T 7,3, Disjunctive syllogism Edwin