(((sin^2(x)sin^2(x)+cos^2(x)cos^2(x)}}} Substitute 1-cosē(x) for the second sinē(x) and Substitute 1-sinē(x) for the first cosē(x) (((sin^2(x)(1-cos^2(x))+(1-sin^2(x))cos^2(x)}}} Distribute Rearrange and group terms: Substitute 1 for sinē(x)+cosē(x) and combine last two like terms. Edwin