(A&B)->~A Use the principle p->q is equivalent to ~pVq ~(A&B)V~A Use deMorgan's law: ~(p&q) is equivalent to ~pV~q (~AV~B)V~A Use the commutative law: pVq is equivalent to qVp (~BV~A)V~A Use the associative law: (pVq)Vr is equivalent to pV(qVr) ~BV(~AV~A) Use the idempotent law: pVp is equivalent to p ~BV~A Looks like the argument is not valid. Edwin