1. ~J v ~L 2. ~(J * L) -> ~M 3. ~E v (M v ~S) / ~(S * E) ----------------------------------------- 4. ~(J * L) 1 De Morgan's Law 5. ~M 2,4 Modus Ponens 6. (~E v M) v ~S 3 Association 7. (M v ~E) v ~S 6 Commutation 8. M v (~E v ~S) 7 Association 9. ~~M v (~E v ~S) 8 Double Negation 10. ~M -> (~E v ~S) 8 Material Implication 11. ~E v ~S 10,5 Modus Ponens 12. ~S v ~E 11 Commutation 13. ~(S * E) 11 De Morgan's Law