Prove the argument: 1. p -> q 2. r \/ s 3. ~s -> ~t 4. ~q \/ s 5. ~s 6. (~p \/ r) -> u 7. w \/ t therefore u /\ w Change the disjunctions in 2, 4, and 7, to their equivalent conditionals by this rule a \/ b <=> ~a -> b 1. p -> q 2. ~r -> s 3. ~s -> ~t 4. q -> s 5. ~s 6. (~p \/ r) -> u 7. ~w -> t Now write all the equivalent contrapositives of the conditionals: 8. ~q -> p 9. ~s -> r 10. t -> s 11. ~s -> ~q 12. ~s 13. ~u -> ~(~p \/ r) 14. ~t -> w Start with 5 ~s By 9, we have ~s -> r By the conditional r -> (r \/ ~p), we have ~s -> r -> (r \/ ~p) By the commutative law, (r \/ ~p) <=> (~p \/ r), we have: ~s -> r -> (r \/ ~p) <=> (~p \/ r) By 6, we have ~s -> r -> (r \/ ~p) <=> (~p \/ r) -> u That is one part of the conjunction conclusion Start again with 5 ~s By 3, we have ~s -> ~t By 14, we have ~s -> ~t -> w So by syllogism we have both parts of the conjunction conclusion u and w. Therefore u /\ w q was not involved so we did not need 1, 4, or their contrapositives 8, 11. Edwin