Assuming the truth of the theorem that states that √n is irrational whenever n is a positive integer that is not a perfect square, prove that √2 + √3 is irrational.
For contradiction, assume √2 + √3 is rational
Then there exist two positive integers, p and q such that
√2 + √3 = p/q
Square both sides:
(√2 + √3)² = p²/q²
Both sides are rational since the square of a rational number is
rational.
(√2 + √3)(√2 + √3) = p²/q²
Use FOIL
√2√2 + √2√3 + √3√2 + √3√3 = p²/q²
Using properties of radicals:
2 + √6 + √6 + 3 = p²/q²
Combining like terms:
5 + 2√6 = p²/q²
Subtracting 5 from both sides
2√6 = p²/q² - 5
Both sides are rational because the difference of two rational
numbers is rational
Multiply both sides by rational number 1/2
√6 = (p²/q² - 5)/2
Both sides are rational since the product of two rational
numbers is rational.
√6 is rational
We assume √n is irrational whenever n is a positive integer
that is not a perfect square.
6 is not a perfect square, so √6 is irrational.
So we have reached a contradiction. Therefore the assumption
√2 + √3 is rational
is false. Therefore √2 + √3 is irrational.
Edwin