There is no conclusion given for "Question 1". Can't do that one for you. ----------------------------------------------- Question 2 1. (P v U) ⊃ ~L 2. (I v W) ⊃ ~K 3. L • K / ~(U v W) 4. L 3, simplification 5. ~~L 4, double negation 6. ~(P v U) 1,5, modus tollens 7. ~P • ~U 6, DeMorgan's law 8. ~U • ~P 7, commutation 9. ~U 8, simplification 10. K • L 3, commutation 11. K 10, simplification 12. ~~K 11, double negation 13. ~(I v W) 2,12, modus tollens 14. ~I • ~W 13, DeMorgan's law 15. ~W • ~I 14, commutation 16. ~W 15, simplification 17. ~U • ~W 9,17, conjunction 18. ~(U v W) 17, DeMorgan's law Question 3 1. R ⊃ (C v M) 2 ~(I v C) 3. ~(A v M) / ~R 4. ~I • ~C 2, DeMorgan's law 5. ~C • ~I 4, commutation 6. ~C 5, simplification 7. ~A • ~M 3, DeMorgan's law 8. ~M • ~A 7, commutation 9. ~M 8, simplification 10. ~C • ~M 6,9 conjunction 11. ~(C v M) 10, DeMorgan's law 12. ~R 1,11, modus tollens Edwin