1. P & Q 2. P -> R / R & Q 3. P 1, simplification 4. R 2,3, modus ponens 5. Q & P 1, commutation 6. Q 5, simplification 7. R & Q 4,6, conjunction --------------------------------------- 1. (P v Q) -> R / ~R-> ~Q 2. ~R -> ~(P v Q) 1, transposition 3. ~R -> ~P & ~Q 2, deMorgan's law 4. ~R -> ~Q & ~P 3, commutation 5. ~R -> ~Q 4, simplification Edwin