~w → ~a / ~(w٨p)vs / s→b / ~(a٨~p) // a→b Indirect proof by abbreviated truth table. Assume the conclusion a→b is false, yet all the premises are true. So we put F under the main connective of the conclusion, and T's under the main connectives of all the premises: ~w→~a / ~(w٨p)vs / s→b / ~(a٨~p) // a→b T T T T F The only way the conclusion can be false is for a to be true and b to be false. So we begin by putting T's under all the a's, and F's under all both b's: ~w→~a / ~(w٨p)vs / s→b / ~(a٨~p) // a→b T T T TF T T TFF Now look at the 1st premise ~w→~a. Since a has T under it, the ~ before it must have F under it: ~w→~a / ~(w٨p)vs / s→b / ~(a٨~p) // a→b TFT T TF T T TFF Therefore the ~ before the w must have F under it to make the premise true. And that means the w must have T under it, and therefore both w's must have T's under them: ~w→~a / ~(w٨p)vs / s→b / ~(a٨~p) // a→b FTTFT T T TF T T TFF Now we look at the 3rd premise s→b, since b has F under it, s must have F under it so that that premise is true. So we put F under all the s's: ~w→~a / ~(w٨p)vs / s→b / ~(a٨~p) // a→b FTTFT T TF FTF T T TFF Now we look back at the 2nd premise ~(w٨p)vs. Since s has F under it, the ~ must have T under it to make that premise true, so we put T under the ~ of that premise. ~w→~a / ~(w٨p)vs / s→b / ~(a٨~p) // a→b FTTFT T T TF FTF T T TFF Therefore we must put F under the ٨ of that 2nd premise, and therefore F under all the p's ~w→~a / ~(w٨p)vs / s→b / ~(a٨~p) // a→b FTTFT T TFF TF FTF T T F TFF Now we look at the 4th premise: ~(a٨~p) Since p has F under it, the ~ before it must have T under it ~w→~a / ~(w٨p)vs / s→b / ~(a٨~p) // a→b FTTFT T TFF TF FTF T T TF TFF But since the first ~ has a T under it, the ٨ must have an F under it, but it CANNOT, because it has T's on both sides of it. Thus we have reached a contradiction. We put X under the ٨ to show that this is where we have reached our contradiction: ~w→~a / ~(w٨p)vs / s→b / ~(a٨~p) // a→b FTTFT T TFF TF FTF T TXTF TFF Therefore it is impossible for the conclusion to be false if all the premises are true. Therefore we have proved the argument indirectly, by abbreviated truth table. If your teacher wanted you to use a different method, tell me in the thank-you note form below and I'll get back to you by email. No charge ever. I do this for fun. Edwin