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Let a, b ∈ R. Prove using contradiction that if a ∈ Q and ab ∉ Q then b ∉ Q.
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Let assume that b ∈ Q. (1)
Then ab ∈ Q.
But ab ∉ Q, according to the condition.
Contradiction.
It means that the original assumption (1) is wrong.
Hence, b ∉ Q.
QED.
Proved.
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(*) Actually, it is usually considered as trivial and obvious statement . . .