The 8 people at a party shook hands exactly once with each of the others before the 9th arrived. The 9th person then shook hands with some of these 8 people. A total of 32 handshakes took place. With how many people did the 9th person shake hands? =============================================================================== Before the 9th person arrived there were "combinations of 8 things taken 2 at a time". It is combinations, not permutations, because the order in which they stand to shake hands does not matter. C(8,2) = 8!/(2!6!) = 28 handshakes before the 9th person arrived After the 9th person finished shaking hands, there were 32 handshakes altogether. Therefore the 9th person shook hands with 32 - 28 or 4 people. Edwin AnlytcPhil@aol.com