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It is a binomial distribution type problem, where the probability under the question is the sum
P = P(at most 3) = P(0) + P(1) + P(2) + P(3) = (1)
The number of trials is 20;
The indexes of success trials k = 0,1,2,3
The probability of success trial p = 0.2;
q = 1 - p
C(n,k) = n! / (k! * (n-k)!) are binomial coefficients.
The sum (1) is a cumulative sum.
Instead of calculating every term of (1) individually and then summing them up, you may use Excel function
BINOM.DIST(3, 20, 0.2, TRUE) to calculate the cumulative sum value in one click.
In this way, you get
P = = 0.411449. ANSWER
Solved.
On Excel function BINOM.DIST, see its description everywhere, for example
https://support.office.com/en-us/article/binom-dist-function-c5ae37b6-f39c-4be2-94c2-509a1480770c
On binompdf function for pocket calculators TI-83 and TI-84 see the link
http://users.rowan.edu/~schultzl/ti/binomial.pdf
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If you want to see other similar solved problems, look into the lessons
- Solving problems on Binomial distribution
- How to calculate Binomial probabilities using Technology
- Solving problems on Binomial distribution with Technology
in this site.