(a) According to the general formula of the Probability theory, P(V U M) = P(V) + P(M) - P(V & M) = 0.68 + 0.21 - 0.03 = 0.86. ANSWER (b) According to the general definition of the Probability theory, the events V and M are independent IF AND ONLY IF P(V & M) = P(V) * P(M). In our case IT IS NOT SO ==============> therefore, the events V and M are NOT INDEPENDENT.