There are two ways to do it; (1) By Venn diagram (2) By formula I'll do it both ways: (1) By Venn diagram: Let the probabilities of the four regions in the Venn diagram be a,b,c, and d:Then if we understand what "one set given another" means, we have: P(E|F) = b/(b+c) = 3/4 P(F|E) = b/(a+b) = 1/2 P(EUF) = (a+b+c)/(a+b+c+d) = 2/3 P(U) = a+b+c+d = 1 Cross multiplying and simplifying on the first three, we have the system: Subtracting the 3rd equation from the 4th, d = 1-2d 3d = 1 d = 1/3 Since b=3c, c=b/3 and we have b=a Substitute those and d = 1/3 in a+b+c=2d b+b+b/3 = 2(1/3) 2b+b/3 = 2/3 Multiply through by 3 6b+b = 2 7b = 2 b = 2/7 a = b = 2/7 c = b/3 = (2/7)/3 = 2/21 So Pr(E) = a+b = 2/7+2/7 = 4/7 and Pr(F) = b+c = 2/7+2/21 = 8/21 -------------------------------- By formulas, which requires no understanding: Pr(E|F) = Pr(E&F)/Pr(F) = 3/4 Pr(F|E) = Pr(F&E)/Pr(E) = 1/2 Pr(EUF) = Pr(E)+Pr(F)-Pr(E&F) = 2/3 From the first: 3Pr(F) = 4Pr(E&F) Pr(F) = 4Pr(E&F)/3 From the second: Pr(E) = 2Pr(F&E) Substituting in: Pr(E)+Pr(F)-Pr(E&F) = 2/3 2Pr(F&E)+4Pr(E&F)/3-Pr(E&F) = 2/3 Since F&E = E&F 2Pr(E&F)+4Pr(E&F)/3-Pr(E&F) = 2/3 Pr(E&F)+4Pr(E&F)/3 = 2/3 Multiply through by 3 3Pr(E&F)+4Pr(E&F) = 2 7Pr(E&F) = 2 Pr(E&F) = 2/7 Substituting in Pr(E) = 2Pr(F&E) Pr(E) = 2Pr(E&F) Pr(E) = 2(2/7) Pr(E) = 4/7 Pr(F) = 4Pr(E&F)/3 Pr(F) = 4(2/7)/3 Pr(F) = (8/7)/3 Pr(F) = 8/21 Edwin